Lenses and Photography Vocabulary

I would use a telephoto lens to zoom into a football game and see the facial expressions of the player's faces.

I would use a prime lens to take a picture of a basketball game since the lights are really dim and the lighting really sucks. It would be very clear and you can see the muscle definition of the basketball players.

I would use a wide angle lens to take a photo of a marching band's formation at a halftime show and being able to see all of the band clearly.

Depth of Field (shallow and wide)- the range of distances along the axis of an optical instrument, usually a camera lens, through which an object will produce a relatively distinct image.
Depth of field is important because it focuses in on the one area you want, either in the back or in the front.

Light (angle and intensity)- A source that brings the picture to life depending on where it comes from and how much there is of it.

Shadows- Can be effectively used to focus a viewer's attention.

Diffusion- Of light: scattering beam of light in many directions caused by sending light through semi-translucent screen.

Diffusion relates to taking better photos because you can cover up the flash with a thin sheet of paper and make the image better.

Exposure- Measure amount of light allowed on each section of a photo.

Exposure relates to taking better photos because you can make sure there is enough light let in for the image.

Aperture (f-stop)- A space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, esp. the variable opening by which light enters a camera.

Aperture is great

Shutter speed- In photography, shutter speed is a common term used to discuss exposure time, the effective length of time a camera's shutter is open.

Shutter speed is effective because you don't have to make a picture blurry especially when you're taking a picture of someone moving.

ISO- ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. 

Iso is a great thing for great pictures because you can capture a quick picture when there isn't much light and when you want to freeze the picture without blurring it.